In addition, new and important scientific insights have recently shed light on key mechanisms underpinning NMOSD pathogenesis that may represent targets for next-generation therapeutics. 15, – 17 In these trials, biologic therapeutics being evaluated include those targeting the complement C5 protein, the intereukin-6 receptor, and CD-19 protein on B cells. However, recent results from phase IIb and phase III trials are encouraging. 11, 12 Recent evidence 13, 14 suggests that cases positive for anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody (MOG-IgG) are pathogenically distinct from NMOSD.Īlthough studies suggest therapeutic benefit, no treatment of NMOSD has been found to be safe and effective in prospective, adequately powered clinical trials. 9, 10 Positive anti–aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody neuromyelitis optica (NMO-IgG) is the most common disease serotype however, titers fail to predict disease course. NMOSD disproportionately affects females (up to 7:1). 5, – 8 This estimate equates to >15,000 US patients and >100,000 cases worldwide. Increased diagnostic accuracy and increased health care provider awareness have resulted in increased prevalence up to 10/100,000 in some geographic regions. 1, – 4 Relapses result in cumulative neurologic disabilities, are unpredictable, and are interspersed with remissions. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a potentially life-threatening neuroinflammatory disease targeting the optic nerve, spinal cord, and brain.
Riverside Building (G.B.), Granta Park, Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics (L.J.C.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT The Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation (J.M.B.), Beverly Hills Departments of Medicine and of Molecular Pharmacology (T.F.B.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (T.J.S.), Kellogg Eye Center and Division of Metabolism, Endocrine and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI Department of Medicine (M.R.Y.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA. (M.H.), Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Chugai Pharma USA, Inc., (A.G.-B.), Berkeley Heights, NJ Viela Bio (E.K., J.N.R.), 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD MedImmune Ltd. From the Ipsos Public Affairs (J.B., A.K., O.P.), Washington, DC Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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